Anatomy of Flowering Plants

32 NEET-UG practice questions on Anatomy of Flowering Plants, part of Botany. The first 25 are below; the first 5 with answers and explanations (tap Show answer after you have chosen), the rest in Learn with a free account.

1. Question 1 · Easy

   In a grass leaf under water stress, the leaf curls inwards because water is lost from

   1. ABundle sheath cells
   2. BCompanion cells
   3. CGuard cells
   4. DBulliform cells

   Show answerHide answer

   Answer: D · Bulliform cells

   Bulliform cells are large, empty, colourless epidermal cells on the adaxial side of grass leaves. When flaccid under water stress, they make the leaf curl inwards and so reduce water loss.

   • A: Bundle sheath cells surround the vascular bundles.
   • B: Companion cells work with sieve tube elements.
   • C: Guard cells control the stomatal opening.

   Remember this

   Turgid bulliform cells expose the leaf surface; flaccid ones curl the leaf and reduce water loss.

2. Question 2 · Hard

   Assertion A: Interfascicular cambium arises from medullary ray cells next to the intrafascicular cambium. Reason R: Interfascicular cambium is a primary meristem that persists unchanged from the embryo. Choose the correct answer.

   1. ABoth A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A
   2. BA is not correct but R is correct
   3. CA is correct but R is not correct
   4. DBoth A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A

   Show answerHide answer

   Answer: C · A is correct but R is not correct

   In a dicot stem, medullary ray cells adjoining the intrafascicular cambium become meristematic and form interfascicular cambium. It therefore arises from permanent tissue and is not a persisting embryonic meristem, so R is false. The two join into a continuous cambial ring.

   • A: R is false because this cambium forms from permanent cells.
   • B: A is correct and is what NCERT describes.
   • D: R is false, so it cannot explain A.

   Remember this

   Interfascicular cambium arises from medullary ray cells that regain the power of division.

3. Question 3 · Medium

   Arrange the tissues of a dicot root from outside to inside. A. Pericycle B. Epiblema C. Endodermis D. Cortex

   1. AB, D, A, C
   2. BD, B, C, A
   3. CB, D, C, A
   4. DB, C, D, A

   Show answerHide answer

   Answer: C · B, D, C, A

   The outermost layer is the epiblema with root hairs, followed by several layers of cortex. The endodermis is the innermost cortical layer, and the pericycle lies just inside it.

   • A: The pericycle lies inside the endodermis.
   • B: The epiblema is the outermost layer.
   • D: The endodermis lies inside the cortex, not outside it.

   Remember this

   The pericycle lies inside the endodermis and is where lateral roots and vascular cambium originate.

4. Question 4 · Medium

   Given below are two statements: Statement I: Spring wood has vessels with wider cavities than autumn wood. Statement II: Heartwood conducts water and minerals, whereas sapwood does not. Choose the correct answer.

   1. AStatement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect
   2. BBoth Statement I and Statement II are correct
   3. CStatement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct
   4. DBoth Statement I and Statement II are incorrect

   Show answerHide answer

   Answer: A · Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect

   In spring the cambium is more active and forms wider xylary elements, so Statement I holds. Heartwood comprises dead elements with highly lignified walls and does not conduct, whereas sapwood conducts water and minerals, so Statement II has these reversed.

   • B: Statement II reverses the roles of heartwood and sapwood.
   • C: Statement I is the correct one, not Statement II.
   • D: Statement I is correct as spring vessels are wider.

   Remember this

   Sapwood is the conducting peripheral wood; heartwood is dark, dead and non-conducting but gives strength.

5. Question 5 · Easy

   Which cells occur in gymnosperm phloem in place of sieve tubes and companion cells?

   1. ATracheids and vessels
   2. BBulliform cells and fibres
   3. CSieve cells and albuminous cells
   4. DPalisade and spongy cells

   Show answerHide answer

   Answer: C · Sieve cells and albuminous cells

   Gymnosperms lack sieve tubes and companion cells. Their phloem has sieve cells and albuminous cells instead.

   • A: These are xylem elements.
   • B: Bulliform cells occur in grass leaf epidermis.
   • D: These are mesophyll cells of leaves.

   Remember this

   Gymnosperms lack vessels in xylem and lack sieve tubes and companion cells in phloem.

6. Question 6 · Hard

   Match List-I with List-II. List-I (organ) A. Dicot root B. Monocot root C. Dicot stem D. Monocot stem List-II (feature in transverse section) I. More than six xylem bundles and a large pith II. Ring of conjoint open bundles with semilunar patches of sclerenchyma above them III. Scattered conjoint closed bundles, with phloem parenchyma absent IV. Usually two to four xylem bundles and a small pith

   1. AA-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III
   2. BA-I, B-IV, C-II, D-III
   3. CA-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III
   4. DA-IV, B-I, C-III, D-II

   Answer and explanation in LearnFree account

7. Question 7 · Medium

   Consider these statements about periderm. A. Phellogen cuts off phellem on its outer side. B. Phelloderm is cut off on the outer side of phellogen. C. The walls of cork cells allow water to pass freely. D. Lenticels form where phellogen cuts off closely arranged parenchyma cells outwards in place of cork. Which statements are correct?

   1. AA and D only
   2. BA, B and D only
   3. CA, C and D only
   4. DB and C only

   Answer and explanation in LearnFree account

8. Question 8 · Medium

   Match List-I with List-II. List-I (cell or tissue) A. Collenchyma B. Sclereids C. Companion cells D. Tracheids List-II (description) I. Elongated dead cells with tapering ends that conduct water II. Parenchymatous cells linked by pit fields to sieve tube elements III. Living cells thickened at corners with cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin IV. Dead cells with a narrow lumen, found in the pulp of guava

   1. AA-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I
   2. BA-III, B-I, C-II, D-IV
   3. CA-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II
   4. DA-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I

   Answer and explanation in LearnFree account

9. Question 9 · Medium

   A transverse section of a plant axis shows sclerenchymatous hypodermis, scattered conjoint closed bundles and water-containing cavities in the bundles. The section is from a

   1. ADicot root
   2. BDicot stem
   3. CMonocot stem
   4. DMonocot root

   Answer and explanation in LearnFree account

10. Question 10 · Medium

    Casparian strips are found in which tissue, and what substance do they contain?

    1. AEndodermis; suberin
    2. BEndodermis; pectin
    3. CEpiblema; cutin
    4. DPericycle; lignin

    Answer and explanation in LearnFree account

11. Question 11 · Easy

    Regrowth of grass leaves after grazing by herbivores is made possible by

    1. ACork cambium
    2. BApical meristem
    3. CIntercalary meristem
    4. DVascular cambium

    Answer and explanation in LearnFree account

12. Question 12 · Medium

    Arrange these layers of a young dicot stem, seen in transverse section, from the outside towards the centre. A. Pericycle with semi-lunar patches of sclerenchyma B. Hypodermis of collenchyma C. Endodermis rich in starch grains D. Pith

    1. AB, C, A, D
    2. BB, A, C, D
    3. CC, B, A, D
    4. DB, C, D, A

    Answer and explanation in LearnFree account

13. Question 13 · Easy

    Fascicular vascular cambium, interfascicular cambium and cork cambium are examples of

    1. APermanent tissues
    2. BIntercalary meristems
    3. CApical meristems
    4. DLateral meristems

    Answer and explanation in LearnFree account

14. Question 14 · Medium

    Match List-I with List-II. List-I (Vascular bundle feature) A. Radial B. Conjoint open C. Conjoint closed D. Exarch List-II (Description) I. Cambium present between phloem and xylem, as in dicot stems II. Xylem and phloem on different radii, alternating, as in roots III. No cambium between phloem and xylem, as in monocot stems IV. Protoxylem towards the periphery and metaxylem towards the centre

    1. AA-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
    2. BA-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV
    3. CA-IV, B-I, C-III, D-II
    4. DA-II, B-I, C-III, D-IV

    Answer and explanation in LearnFree account

15. Question 15 · Medium

    Given below are two statements: Statement I: A mature sieve tube element has a large nucleus that controls the functions of the adjacent companion cell. Statement II: Phloem fibres are generally absent in the primary phloem but are found in the secondary phloem. Choose the correct answer.

    1. ABoth Statement I and Statement II are incorrect
    2. BStatement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect
    3. CStatement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct
    4. DBoth Statement I and Statement II are correct

    Answer and explanation in LearnFree account

16. Question 16 · Hard

    Read these statements about xylem. A. Tracheids and vessel members are dead and have lignified walls when mature. B. Vessels are a characteristic feature of angiosperms; gymnosperms lack vessels. C. Xylem fibres may be septate or aseptate. D. In flowering plants, tracheids and vessels are the main water-transporting elements. Which statements are correct?

    1. AB and D only
    2. BA, B, C and D
    3. CA, C and D only
    4. DA, B and C only

    Answer and explanation in LearnFree account

17. Question 17 · Medium

    Match List-I with List-II for a dorsiventral (dicot) leaf. List-I (Tissue) A. Palisade parenchyma B. Spongy parenchyma C. Bundle sheath D. Abaxial epidermis List-II (Feature) I. Layer of thick-walled cells around the vascular bundles II. Usually bears more stomata III. Elongated cells, arranged vertically and parallel, towards the adaxial side IV. Oval or round, loosely arranged cells with large spaces Choose the correct answer.

    1. AA-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II
    2. BA-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I
    3. CA-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II
    4. DA-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II

    Answer and explanation in LearnFree account

18. Question 18 · Easy

    Which element of the phloem is generally absent in the primary phloem but present in the secondary phloem?

    1. ACompanion cells
    2. BPhloem parenchyma
    3. CSieve tube elements
    4. DPhloem fibres

    Answer and explanation in LearnFree account

19. Question 19 · Medium

    Compared with autumn wood, the spring wood of a temperate tree has

    1. Afewer xylem elements with narrower vessels, a darker colour and higher density
    2. Bmore xylem elements with wider vessels, a lighter colour and lower density
    3. Cmore xylem elements with narrower vessels, a darker colour and higher density
    4. Dfewer xylem elements with wider vessels, a lighter colour and higher density

    Answer and explanation in LearnFree account

20. Question 20 · Hard

    In an old dicot stem after secondary growth, arrange these layers from the outside towards the centre. A. Phelloderm B. Secondary phloem C. Cork D. Phellogen Choose the correct order.

    1. AC, D, B, A
    2. BC, D, A, B
    3. CC, A, D, B
    4. DD, C, A, B

    Answer and explanation in LearnFree account

21. Question 21 · Medium

    Given below are two statements: Statement I: Heartwood does not conduct water, but it gives mechanical support to the stem. Statement II: Sapwood is the peripheral, lighter-coloured region of secondary xylem that conducts water and minerals from root to leaf. Choose the correct answer.

    1. AStatement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect
    2. BBoth Statement I and Statement II are incorrect
    3. CStatement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct
    4. DBoth Statement I and Statement II are correct

    Answer and explanation in LearnFree account

22. Question 22 · Easy

    Collenchyma cells are thickened at the corners. What is deposited to cause this thickening?

    1. ACellulose, hemicellulose and pectin
    2. BLignin only
    3. CSilica and calcium carbonate
    4. DSuberin

    Answer and explanation in LearnFree account

23. Question 23 · Easy

    Xylem is made of four kinds of elements. Which of them is living?

    1. ATracheids
    2. BXylem parenchyma
    3. CXylem fibres
    4. DVessels

    Answer and explanation in LearnFree account

24. Question 24 · Medium

    In an old tree trunk, the dark central part of the secondary xylem is the heartwood. What is true of this region?

    1. AIt is the peripheral, light-coloured region that conducts water
    2. BIt consists of living cells that store starch
    3. CIt gives mechanical support but does not conduct water
    4. DIt is produced by the activity of cork cambium

    Answer and explanation in LearnFree account

25. Question 25 · Easy

    In most plants the guard cells of the stomata are bean-shaped. What shape are they in grasses?

    1. ADumb-bell shaped
    2. BStar-shaped
    3. CSpherical
    4. DCup-shaped

    Answer and explanation in LearnFree account